This occurs over three overlapping phases: hemostasis/inflammation, proliferation, and maturation. Surgical wounds will heal through primary intention in the presence of well-approximated tissues and the absence of infection. Īlthough current research trends are focussed on prevention, the mainstay of postoperative management of seroma includes conservative measures and fine needle aspirations. They are also associated with an increased risk of wound infection and possible abscess formation. Local wound complications can occur, such as wound dehiscence and flap necrosis, requiring further surgical intervention. These fluid collections can cause pain and anxiety for the patient necessitating further outpatient and hospital visits, leading to increased cost of care.
The etiology of seroma formation remains unclear but is thought to be due to disruption of lymphatic and vascular drainage through extensive soft tissue dissection with an accumulation of serum, and possibly inflammatory exudate, in a dead space. It is a common complication of breast cancer surgery, plastic surgery, and abdominal wall hernia repair, with rates ranging between 15 to 85% following mastectomy and a global prevalence of 10.9% following abdominoplasty.
Seroma is the abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in a dead space containing plasma and lymphatic fluid.
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